Fundamentals of Brake System
Brake System is one of the major components involved in automobile.
The main functionality for a Brake system is to reduce the speed or to keep the vehicle in control while driving.
Hydraulic Braking System:
The Braking System in which pressurization of Hydraulic oil is used to transfer the energy from Controlling mechanism to Braking Mechanism is known as Hydraulic Braking system.
It consists of :
1) Brake Pad
They are made of high friction material like asbestos. They are placed perpendicular to the brake rotor so that when the oil comes to the pads they move forward thus clamping the disc in between both the pads and stopping it
2) Master Cylinder
Master Cylinder is a piston arrangement in which Piston is directly connected to the Pedal through linkages. Its main functionality is to create pressure in the Brake oil in order to transfer power to braking mechanism
3) Brake Pistons
Small Cylinders placed inside the Brake Caliper. The Oil from the master Cylinder Pushes the Brake Pistons towards the brake Pad to transfer the Force from Pressurized Brake Oil to Brake Rotor. Thus initiating the Brakes
4) Brake Caliper
The Caliper is an arrangement of Brake Piston and Brake Pads which works in conjunction to initiate the braking process.
5) Brake Rotor/Disc
The Brake Rotor or a Brake Disc is a circular disc which is directly connected to the wheel. As they are directly connected so there speeds are also in proportion. When the Disc stops so will the wheel.
The thickness and the material of the disc depends on many parameters such as the top speed of the vehicle, Heat generated during braking, Strength required to sustain the Heat stress factors etc.
6) Brake Fluid
7) Hoses
The brake fluid flows from one part of the of the brake system to another through Hoses. The Diameter of the hose, The Pressure it can withstand, Wall Thickness of the hose and its material plays a very crucial role to its functioning. If any of the above mentioned parameter is not sufficient as per the brake system it might lead to the following:
1) Premature Hose Failure
2) High pressure built-up in the hose which might lead to hose bursting.
3) Seal leakages due to high pressure built-up.
Working:
The Brake mechanism utilizes linkages and brake fluid pressure to initiate and control the Braking.
It consists of 2 fundamental mechanism:
A) Controlling Mechanism:
As the name suggests this mechanism is the main control of the brake. It consists of the following:
1) Pedals
2) Linkages
3) Master Cylinder
The Controlling mechanism alter the brake power as per the driver's requirement so that the driver gets the appropriate braking power whenever needed.
B) Braking Mechanism
The Braking Mechanism helps to put the brakes on the rotor. It consists of the following:
1) Caliper
2) Pistons
3) Brake Pads
As the Driver puts more force in pressing the pedal higher will be the pressure build-up in master cylinder thus higher will be the force to stop the brakes.
The main functionality for a Brake system is to reduce the speed or to keep the vehicle in control while driving.
The Braking System in which pressurization of Hydraulic oil is used to transfer the energy from Controlling mechanism to Braking Mechanism is known as Hydraulic Braking system.
It consists of :
1) Brake Pad
They are made of high friction material like asbestos. They are placed perpendicular to the brake rotor so that when the oil comes to the pads they move forward thus clamping the disc in between both the pads and stopping it
2) Master Cylinder
Master Cylinder is a piston arrangement in which Piston is directly connected to the Pedal through linkages. Its main functionality is to create pressure in the Brake oil in order to transfer power to braking mechanism
3) Brake Pistons
Small Cylinders placed inside the Brake Caliper. The Oil from the master Cylinder Pushes the Brake Pistons towards the brake Pad to transfer the Force from Pressurized Brake Oil to Brake Rotor. Thus initiating the Brakes
The Caliper is an arrangement of Brake Piston and Brake Pads which works in conjunction to initiate the braking process.
5) Brake Rotor/Disc
The Brake Rotor or a Brake Disc is a circular disc which is directly connected to the wheel. As they are directly connected so there speeds are also in proportion. When the Disc stops so will the wheel.
The thickness and the material of the disc depends on many parameters such as the top speed of the vehicle, Heat generated during braking, Strength required to sustain the Heat stress factors etc.
6) Brake Fluid
Brake Fluid are the fluids which transfers the force of the foot pedal to pressure of the brake fluid to increase the brake force applied on the brakes.
The brake fluid is generally a glycol-ether based fluid which has low compressibility as in ist chemical structure consists of very few voids. This lack of compressibility in the fluid helps to transfer maximum force from pedal to brake pads without any losses.
The brake fluid flows from one part of the of the brake system to another through Hoses. The Diameter of the hose, The Pressure it can withstand, Wall Thickness of the hose and its material plays a very crucial role to its functioning. If any of the above mentioned parameter is not sufficient as per the brake system it might lead to the following:
1) Premature Hose Failure
2) High pressure built-up in the hose which might lead to hose bursting.
3) Seal leakages due to high pressure built-up.
The Brake mechanism utilizes linkages and brake fluid pressure to initiate and control the Braking.
It consists of 2 fundamental mechanism:
A) Controlling Mechanism:
As the name suggests this mechanism is the main control of the brake. It consists of the following:
1) Pedals
2) Linkages
3) Master Cylinder
- The Driver Puts the foot on the brake pedal which is attached to the master Cylinder using Linkages.
- The linkages thus creates the proportionate pressure in the brake fluid. The more the brake pedal is pressure the higher the pressure will be created thus, larger will be the brake force.
The Controlling mechanism alter the brake power as per the driver's requirement so that the driver gets the appropriate braking power whenever needed.
B) Braking Mechanism
The Braking Mechanism helps to put the brakes on the rotor. It consists of the following:
1) Caliper
2) Pistons
3) Brake Pads
- After the Pressure is build up in the master cylinder the Brake Oil is transferred to Caliper via hoses . The Brake oil then pushes the Brake Piston towards the Brake Pads.
- The Brake Pads are forced to the rotor thus pressing the rotor in between the Pads.
- The Frictional Material helps to generate an opposing force to the rotation thus stopping the brakes.
As the Driver puts more force in pressing the pedal higher will be the pressure build-up in master cylinder thus higher will be the force to stop the brakes.
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